Evaluation of Groundwater Chemistry and Multivariate Statistical Studies in Parts of Tirupur District, India
J. Environ. Nanotechnol., Volume 12, No 4 (2023) pp. 60-67
Abstract
Groundwater quality at any location depends on the mutual possessions of several progressions beside the subsurface flow path. The natural history and degree of infectivity in a particular region can be ascertained by hydro-chemical statistics. In order to assess the groundwater chemistry and its appropriateness for consumption purposes, sixty-three subsurface water samples were analyzed. Based on the perceptive of the hydro-geological and groundwater environment, the chemical characteristics of the groundwater were evaluated. The favored parameters for the quality assessment were major anions and cations along with pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, fluoride and iron as trace metals. Total dissolved solids distribution, hydro-chemical facies, Piper diagram, factor analysis, correlation studies and cluster analysis were done to monitor the study zone. The total dissolved solids (TDS) were clustered independently. It was concluded from the assessment that the groundwater of the Tirupur region was critically deteriorated by different anthropogenic activities.
Full Text
Reference
Afsin, M., Hydro-chemical evolution and water quality along the groundwater flow path in the Sandıklı plain, Afyon, Turkey, Environ. Geol., 31, 221-230 (1997).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540050183
Alther, G. A., A simplified statistical sequence applied to routine water quality analysis: a case history, Groundwater, 17(6), 556-561 (1979).
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1979.tb03356.x
APHA, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 7th ed., American Public Health Association (1995).
Arumugam, K., Elangovan, K. and Kartic Kumar, M., Assessment of groundwater quality in Tirupur Environs, Tamil Nadu, India, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 2016 Conference Proceedings (2016).
Arumugam, K., Karthika, T., Elangovan, K., Sangeetha, R. K. and Vikashini, S., Groundwater modelling using visual modflow in Tirupur Region, Tamil Nadu, India, Nat. Environ. Pollut. Technol., 19(4), 1423-1433 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.46488/NEPT.2020.v19i04.008
Belkhiri, L., Boudoukha, A., Mouni, L. and Baouz, T., Application of multivariate statistical methods and inverse geochemical modeling for characterization of groundwater—a case study: Ain Azel plain (Algeria), Geoderma, 159(3-4), 390-398 (2010).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.08.016
Davis, S. N. and Dewiest, J. M., Hydrogeology, Wiley, 463 (1996).
Deutsch, W. J. and Siegel, R., Groundwater geochemistry: fundamentals and applications to contamination, CRC press., (1997). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003069942
Ettazarini, S., Processes of water–rock interaction in the Turonian aquifer of Oum Er-Rabia Basin, Morocco, Environ. Geol., 49(2), 293-299 (2005).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-005-0088-x
Guler, C., Thyne, G. D., McCray, J. E. and Turner, K. A., Evaluation of graphical and multivariate statistical methods for classification of water chemistry data, Hydrogeol. J., 10, 455-474 (2002).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-002-0196-6
Hill, R. A., Geochemical patterns in Coachella valley, Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 21(1), 46-53 (1940). https://doi.org/10.1029/TR021i001p00046
Judd, A. G., The use of cluster analysis in the derivation of geotechnical classifications, Bulletin of the Association of Engineering Geologists, 17(4), 193-211(1980).
https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.xvii.4.193
Kfayatullah, Q., Tahir Shah, M. and Arfan, M, Biogeochemical and environmental study of the chromite-rich ultramafic terrain of Malakand area, Pakistan, Environ. Geol., 40, 1482-1486 (2001).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s002540100374
Mahlknecht, J., Steinich, B. and Navarro de León, I., Groundwater chemistry and mass transfers in the Independence aquifer, central Mexico, by using multivariate statistics and mass-balance models, Environ. Geol., 45, 781-795 (2004).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-003-0938-3
Piper, A. M., A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water‐analyses, Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 25(6), 914-928 (1944).
https://doi.org/10.1029/TR025i006p00914
Prasanna, M. V., Chidambaram, S. and Srinivasamoorthy, K., Statistical analysis of the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in hard and sedimentary aquifers system of Gadilam river basin, South India, Journal of King Saud University-Science, 22(3), 133-145 (2010).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2010.04.001
Raju, N. J., Hydrogeochemical parameters for assessment of groundwater quality in the upper Gunjanaeru River basin, Cuddapah District, Andhra Pradesh, South India, Environ. Geol., 52, 1067-1074 (2006).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-006-0546-0
Ramesh, K. and Elango, L., Fluoride and nitrate concentration in groundwater under intensive agricultural area of Palacode region, Tamil Nadu, Inter. J. . Res. Eng. Appl. Manage., 4, 675-682 (2018).
Schulze, E., Guidelines for Drinking‐Water Quality, Health Criteria and Other Supporting Information, World Health Organization, Geneva 1984 (1986).
Sharif, M. U., Davis, R. K., Steele, K. F., Kim, B. K. T. M., Kresse, T. M. and Fazio, J. A., Inverse geochemical modeling of groundwater evolution with emphasis on arsenic in the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer, Arkansas (USA), J. Hydrol., 350(1), 41-55 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.11.027
Singh, C. K. and Mukherjee, S., Aqueous geochemistry of fluoride enriched groundwater in arid part of Western India, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 22, 2668-2678 (2015).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3504-5
Singh, C. K., Kumar, A., Shashtri, S., Kumar, A., Kumar, P. and Mallick, J., Multivariate statistical analysis and geochemical modeling for geochemical assessment of groundwater of Delhi, India, J. Geochem. Explor., 175, 59-71 (2017).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gexplo.2017.01.001
Steinhorst, R. K. and Williams, R. E., Discrimination of groundwater sources using cluster analysis, MANOVA, canonical analysis and discriminant analysis, Water Resour. Res., 21(8), 1149-1156 (1985).
https://doi.org/10.1029/WR021i008p01149
WHO, Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, Vo.1, Recommendations, 2nd Ed., World Health Organization (1993).
Yu, S., Shang, J., Zhao, J. and Guo, H., Factor analysis and dynamics of water quality of the Songhua River, Northeast China, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 144, 159-169 (2003).
