Phytochemical Screening and In Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Ethnomedicinal Plant Hydrocotyle Javanica Thunb. (Apiaceae)
J. Environ. Nanotechnol., Volume 5, No 4 (2016) pp. 27-33
Abstract
A therapeutic strategy to elevate the antioxidant defenses of the body in view of the oxidative stress implicated in the pathophysiologyof a wide variety of different diseasesmay attenuate and protect us from diseasesand disorders.Biological systems can be balanced by antioxidants that would suppress the formation of active oxygen species (ROS) brought about by reducing hydroperoxides (ROO•) and H2O2, and scavenging free radicals among others. An equilibriumbetween free radical generation and antioxidant supply is thus important. The ethnomedicinal plant H.javanica was evaluated for its radical scavenging and antioxidant activities. The whole plant was extracted in five different solvents and assessed by five different assay methods. The methanol extract evinced higher antioxidant activities in all except DPPH assay with IC50 values of 38.26 in SOD, 38.16 in ABTS and 37.92 in hydroxyl radical scavenging assays. The petroleum ether extract had the highest activity in DPPH assay(IC50 24.13). These activities could be attributed to the presence of coumarins, flavonoids, phenols and tannins.
Full Text
Reference
Abdul Amir H Kadhum, Ahmed, A., Al-Amiery, Ahmed Y. Musa and Abu Bakar Mohamad, The antioxidant activity of new coumarin derivatives, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 12, 5747-61(2011).
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12095747
Agati, G., Azzarello, S., Pollastri, S. and Tattini, M., Flavonoids as antioxidants in plants: location and functional significance, Plantscience, 196, 67-76(2012).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.07.014
Apak, R., Guclu, K., Ozyurek, M. and Karademir, S. E., A novel total antioxidant capacity index for dietary polyphenols, vitamins C and E, using their cupric ion reducing capability in the presence of neocuproine: CUPRAC Method, J. Agric Food Chem., 52, 7970-7981(2004).
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048741x
Battin, E. E., Perron, N. R. and Brumaghim, J. L., The central role of metal coordination in selenium antioxidant activity, Inorg. Chem., 45, 499-501(2006).
https://doi.org/10.1021/ic051594f
Beauchamp, C. and Fridovich, I., Superoxide dismutase: Improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels, Anal. Biochem. Rev., 44, 276-87(1971).
https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(71)90370-8
Blios, M. S., Antioxidant determinations by the use of a stable free radical, Nature, 29, 1199-1200(1958).
https://doi.org/10.1038/1811199a0
Dotan, Y., Lichtenberg, D. and Pinchuk, I., Lipid peroxidation cannot be used as a universal criterion of oxidative stress, Prog. Lipid Res., 43(3), 200-227(2004).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plipres.2003.10.001
Ferreira, J. F. S., Luthria, D. L., Sasaki, T. and Heyerick, A., Flavonoids from Artemisia annuaas antioxidants and their potential synergism with Artemisinin against malaria and cancer, Molecules, 15(5), 3135-3170(2010).
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules15053135.
Guilherme Borges Bubols, Damiana da Rocha Vianna, Alexander Medina R, Gilsane von Poser, Rosa Maria Lamuela-Raventos, Vera Lucia Fifler-Lima and Solange Cristina Garcia, The antioxidant activity of coumarins and flavonoids, Mini. Rev. Med. Chem., 13(3), 318-334(2013).
https://doi.org/10.2174/1389557511313030002
Gutteridge, J. M., Ferrous-salt-promoted damage to deoxyribose and benzoate, the increased effectiveness of hydroxyl-radical scavengers in the presence of EDTA, Biochem. J., 243(3), 709-714 (1987).
Halliwell, B. and Gutteridge, J., Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine, 4th ed. New York; Oxford University Press(2007).
Halliwell, B., The antioxidant paradox. Lancet, 355, 1179-1180(2000).
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02075-4
Harborne, J. B., Phytochemical methods: A guide to modern techniques of plant analysis, 3rd ed., London, UK; Chapman and Hall(1998).
Huang, B., Ban, X., He, J. S., Zeng, H., Zhang, P. and Wang, Y. W., Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of the methanolic extract from Haleniaelliptica, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 131(2), 276-281(2010).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.06.029
Jian-Ming Lu, Peter, H. Lin, Qizhi Yao and Changyi Chen, Chemical and molecular mechanisms of antioxidants: experimental approaches and model systems, J. Cell. Mol. Med., 14(4), 840-60(2010).
Khaling Mikawirawng, Suresh Kumar and Vandana, Current scenario of urolithiasis and the use of medicinal plants as antiurolithiatic agents in Manipur (Northeast India): A review, Int. J. Herbal. Med., (1), 1-12(2014).
Marcetic, M. D., Petrovic, S. D., Milenkovic, M. T., Antioxidant potential of two Apiaceae plant extracts: A comparative study focused on the phenolic composition, Cent. Eur. J. Biol., 9, 149 (2014).
https://doi.org/10.2478/s11535-013-0247-0.
Maulidiani, Faridah Abas, AlfiKhatib, Khozirah Shaari, Nordin H. Lajis, Chemical characterization and antioxidant activity of three medicinal Apiaceae species, Industrial Crops and Products, 55, 238-247(2014).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.02.013
Mustafa E. Ozyeurek, Kubilay GeucLeu, EsmaTeutem, Kevser Seozgen Basxkan, A comprehensive review of CUPRAC methodology, Ana. methods., (2011).
https://doi.org/10.1039/c1ay05320e
Niki, E., Do free radicals play causal role in atherosclerosis? Low density lipoprotein oxidation and vitamin E revisited, J. Clin. Biochem. Nutri., 48, 3-7(2011).
https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.11-007FR
Oruh, N. C., Sagdıcoglu Celep, A. G., Ozgokce, F., Antioxidant properties of Prangosferulacea (L.) Lindl., Chaerophyllummacropodum Boiss. And Heracleum persicum Desf. from Apiaceae family used as food in Eastern Anatolia and their inhibitory effects on glutathione-S-transferase, Food Chem., 100(3), 1237-1242(2007).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.12.006
Patel Rajesh, M. and Patel Natvar, J., In vitro antioxidant activity of coumarin compounds by DPPH, Super oxide and nitric oxide free radical scavenging methods, J. Adv. Pharm. Edu. Res., 1, 52-68(2011).
Pieta, P. G., Flavonoids as antioxidants, J. Nat. prod., 63, 1035-1042(2000).
https://doi.org/10.1021/np9904509
Prasad, A. G. and Shyma, T. B., Medicinal plants used by the tribes of VythiriTaluk, Wayanad district (Kerala state) for the treatment of human and domestic animal ailments, J. Med. Plants Res., 7(20), 1439-1451(2013).
https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR12.841
Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M. and Rice-Evans, C., Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay, Free Radical Biol. Med., 26(9-10), 1231-37(1999).
Sahoo, H. B., Bhattaisra, S. K., Biswas, U. K. and Sagar, R., Estimation of total phenolics and flavonoidal contents as well as in vitro antioxidant potential of Apiumleptophyllum Pers. HerbaPolonica, 59(3), 37-50 (2013).
https://doi.org/10.2478/hepo-2013-0015
Satish Balasaheb Nimse and Dilipkumar Pal, Free radicals, natural antioxidants and their reaction mechanisms, RSC Adv., 35(5), 27986-28006(2015).
https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA13315C
Shivani Choudhary, Suvarna G. Kini and Muhammad Mubeen, Antioxidant activity of novel coumarin substituted benzothiazole derivatives, Der Pharma Chemica., 5(4), 213-222(2013).
Sies, H., Biochemistry of Oxidative Stress, Angewandte Chemie, 25(12), 1058-1071(1986).
https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.198610581
Tripathi, I. P., Vandana Pathak, Pushpendra Kumar Shukla and Ruchi Dwivedi, Antioxidant, antidiabetic potential and quantification of lupeoll in methanolic extract of Anethum sowaLinn. (seed), Int. J. Curr. Res. Chem. Pharm. Sci., 3(3), 29-36(2016).
Valentina Lubomirova Christova - Bagdassarian, Kristine Samvel Bagdassarian, Maria Stefanova Atanassova and Ayaz Ahmad, M., Comparative analysis of total phenolic and total Flavonoid contents, rutin, tannins and antioxidant capacity in Apiaceae and Lamiaceae families, Indian Horti. J. 4(3/4), 131-140(2014).
Wagner, H., Bladt, X. S., Gain, Z. and Suie, E. M., Plant drug analysis, Germany: Springer Verlag(1996).
Yao, L. H., Jiang, Y. M., Shi, J., Tomas-Barberan, F. A., Datta, N., Singanusong, R. and Chen, S. S., Flavonoids in food and their health benefits, Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 59(3), 113-122(2004).