Simultaneous Observations of Daytime Whistlers and VLF-ELF Emissions at a Low Latitude Indian Ground Station
J. Environ. Nanotechnol., Volume 4, No 1 (2015) pp. 37-45
Abstract
This paper reports an unexpected simultaneous observation of whistlers and different types of ELF/VLF emissions during daytime at a low latitude Indian ground station Jammu (geomag. lat., 22o 26/ N; L=1.17), which are (a) pulses of atmospheric bursts, (b) discrete chorus riser ELF emissions triggered from the bottom of the atmospherics, (c) whistlers, (d) whistler-triggered discrete chorus riser VLF emissions triggered from the lower end of the whistler, (e) long enduring ELF/VLF hiss emissions, (f) band limited quasi-periodic pulsing ELF/VLF hiss emissions, (g) hook and inverted hook ELF emissions, (h) oscillating tone discrete chorus riser ELF emissions. The data shown in this paper indicate that there is a strong possibility that lightning is an important source of different types of VLF/ELF emissions, at least in the embryonic sense, recorded at Jammu. The present observation is in fact the first simultaneous occurrence of different types of VLF/ELF emissions alongwith whistlers recorded on a single day during daytime at a low latitude ground station.
Full Text
Reference
Helliwell, R. A., Whistlers and related ionospheric phenomena, Stanford University Press, Polo Alto Calif (1965).
Hayakawa, M., Tanaka, Y. and Ohtsu, J., On the morphologies of low latitude and auroral VLF hiss. J. atmos. Terr. Phys., 37(3), 517-529 (1975).
doi:10.1016/0021-9169(75)90178-6
Khosa, P. N., Lalmani, Rausaria, R. R., and Ahmad M. M., Whistlers and VLF hiss recorded at Srinagar, Ind. J. Radio space Phys., 10, 209-210 (1981).
Singh, D .K., Singh, A. K., Patel, R. P., Singh, R. P., and Singh, A. K., Two types of ELF hiss observed at Varanasi, Ind. Ann. Geophysicae, 17, 1260-1267 (1999).
doi:10.1007/s00585-999-1260-5
Kimura, I., On observation and theories of the VLF emission, Planet. Space Sci., 15(9), 1427-1462 (1967).
doi:10.1016/0032-0633(67)90115-8
Helliwell, R. A., A theory of discrete emissions from the magnetosphere. J. Geophys. Res., 72(19), 4773-4790 (1967).
doi:10.1029/JZ072i019p04773
Roux, A. and Pellat, R., A theory of triggered emissions. J. Geophys. Res., 83(4), 1433-1441 (1978).
doi:10.1029/JA083iA04p01433
Helliwell, R. A., Inan, U. S., VLF wave growth and discrete emissions triggering in the magnetosphere: a feed back model. J. Geophys. Res., 87(5), 3537-3550 (1982).
doi:10.1029/JA087iA05p03537
Molvig, K. M., Hilfer, G., Miller, R. A. and Myczkowski, J., Self-consistent theory of triggered whistler emissions. J. Geophys. Res. 93(6), 5665-5683 (1988).
doi:10.1029/JA093iA06p05665
Trakhlengerts, V. Y. and Rycroft, M. J., Whistler-electron interactions in the magnetosphere: new results and novel approaches. J. Atmos. Solar Terr. Phys., 62(18), 1719-1733 (2000).
doi:10.1016/S1364-6826(00)00122-X
Singh, R. P., Patel, R. P., Singh, K. and Singh, A. K., Observations of pulsing hiss at low latitudes. J. Atmos. Solar. Terr. Phys., 67(16), 1497-1503 (2005).
doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2005.08.020
Singh, R. P., Patel, R. P. and Singh, D. K., Triggered emissions observed at Varanasi. J. Planetary. Space Sci., 51(8), 495-503 (2003).
doi:10.1016/S0032-0633(03)00045-X
Omura, Y., Nunn, D., Matsumoto, H. and Rycroft, M. J., A review of observational theoretical andnumerical studies of VLF triggered emissions. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 53(5), 351 (1991).
doi:10.1016/0021-9169(91)90031-2
Knott, K., and Bahusen, A., Observations in North Europe. Report on 5th workshop on I. M. S, (1981).
Etcheto, J., Gendrin, R., Solomon, J. and Roux, A., A self-consistent theory of magnetospheric ELF hiss. J. Gephys. Res.,78(34), 8150-8160 (1973).
doi:10.1029/JA078i034p08150
Gendrin, R., Waves and wave-particle interaction in the magnetosphere: a review. Space Sci. Res., 18(2), 145-200 (1975).
doi:10.1007/BF00172533
Ward, I. A., Pulsing his and associated phenomena a morphological study. J. I. Atmos. Terr., Phys., 45, 289-301 (1983).
Coroniti, F. V. and Kennel, C. F., Electron precipitation pulsations. J.I. Geophys. Res., 75(7), 1279-1289 (1970).
doi:10.1029/JA075i007p01279
Smirnova N A, Fine structure of the ground observed VLF chorus as an indicator of the wave particle interaction process in the magnetosphere. Planet. Space Sci. 32(4), 425-430 (1984).
doi:10.1016/0032-0633(84)90122-3
Dowden, R. L., and Allcock, G. Mak., Determination of nose frequency of non-nose whistlers. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 33(7), 1125-1129 (1971).
doi:10.1016/0021-9169(71)90133-4
Singh, R. P., Singh, R., Lalmani, hamar, D. and Lichtenberger, J., Application of matched filering to short whistlers recorded at low latitudes. J. Atmos. Solar Terr. Phys. 66(5), 407-413 (2004).
doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2003.12.007
Singh, D. K., Patel, R. P., Singh, R. P., Auroral and low latitude VLF hiss. Ind. J. radio and Space Phys., 30(24), 24-30 (2001).
Parrot, M., Word map of ELF/VLF emissions as observed by a orbiting satellite. Ann. Geophys. 8(7), 135-146 (1990).
Sonwalkar, V. S. and Inan, U. S., Lightning as an Embryonic source of VLF hiss. J. Geophys. Res. 94(6), 6986-6994 (1989).
doi:10.1029/JA094iA06p06986
Draganov, A. B., Inan, U. S., Sonwalkar, U. S. and Bell, T. F., Magnetospherically reflected whistler as a source of plasmaspheric hiss, Geophys. Res. Lett. 19(3), 233, (1992).
doi:10.1029/91GL03167
Ward, I. A., Lester, M., Thomas, R. W. and Pulsing hiss, Pulsating aurora an micropulsations. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 45(5), 289-301 (1982).
doi:10.1016/S0021-9169(83)80035-X
Ward, I.A., ELF intensity levels at geostationary orbit and pulsating aurora. J.Geophys. 55(13), 85-91 (1984).
Davidson, G. T. and Chiu, Y. T., An unusual nonlinear system in the magnetosphere A possible driver for auroral pulsations. J. Geophys. Res. 96(17), 19353-19362, (1991).