Green-synthesized Bryophyllum pinnatum-PVP/Ferric Oxide Nanoparticles: Antibacterial and Cytocompatibility Studies
J. Environ. Nanotechnol., Volume 15, No 3 (September 2026) pp. 636-647
Abstract
The development of environmentally sustainable nanomaterials has attracted considerable attention for biomedical applications due to their enhanced biocompatibility and reduced environmental impact. In the present study, Bryophyllum pinnatum-functionalized polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-stabilized ferric oxide nanoparticles (BP–Fe@PVP) were successfully synthesized using a simple one-pot green synthesis approach using B. pinnatum leaf extract as a natural reducing and capping agent. The synthesized NPs were comprehensively characterized using UV–Visible spectroscopy, FTIR, FESEM–EDX, XRD, DLS, and zeta potential analysis. NP formation was confirmed by 419nm UV-Vis peak and crystalline FeO phase by XRD. FTIR and EDX demonstrated that BP bioactive compounds, PVP, and the elemental composition stabilized the NPs. FESEM showed uniform nanoscale morphology, while DLS and zeta potential confirmed good size distribution and colloidal stability. The antibacterial activity of BP–Fe@PVP NPs showed concentration-dependent inhibition against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with the highest activity observed at 100 μg/mL. Cytotoxicity evaluation using HFF-2 human fibroblast cells demonstrated high cell viability across all tested concentrations, indicating excellent cytocompatibility, which was further supported by morphological observations. Overall, the produced BP–Fe@PVP NPs showed acceptable biocompatibility, broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, and suitable physicochemical properties, indicating their promise as an environmentally benign nanomaterial for future pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
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