Sustainable Synthesis of MgO Nanoparticles from Clerodendrum inerme Bast Fiber Extract: Physicochemical Characterization and Antibacterial Performance
J. Environ. Nanotechnol., Volume 15, No 2 (June 2026) pp. 380-388
Abstract
The need of sustainable and biocompatible nanomaterials has been driving environmentally friendly synthesis pathways related to biomedical purposes. In this research, magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles were produced through a green technique using Clerodendrum inerme bast fiber extract as a plant-based reducing and stabilizing agent. X-ray diffraction showed the presence of crystalline MgO with typical peaks of 24.7°, 33.8° and 38.4° which indicates that it has a face-centered cubic structure and the crystallite size is between 22 and 34nm in size on average. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed the presence of significant functional groups with peaks at 3307, 2885, 1574, 953, and 450cm-1, which are related to phytochemical capping and the formation of Mg-O lattices. The SEM analysis revealed abnormal, porous nanostructures with particle sizes of less than 50nm and agglomerated clusters of 100-500nm. Elemental analysis using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis revealed the presence of Mg (56.4wt%), O (39.72wt%), and C (3.44wt%). Multi-stage thermal degradations with initial weight loss of 6-8% (0-100℃) and 12 -15%, and extensive decomposition of 40-55% were observed by thermogravimetric analysis. The structural integrity was preserved up to approximately 230℃ with a residual mass of 22-25% at 600℃. The synthesized MgO nanoparticles were found to have an excellent antibacterial effect on Pseudomonas aeruginosa with inhibition zones of 36.5 ± 1.2 mm (100 µg) and 32.8 ± 1.0mm (50 µg). The standard erythromycin exhibited an inhibition zone of 35.0 ±0.9mm.
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