Synthesis of CuO Nanocomposites and Assessment of Antimicrobial Activity Using Activated Carbon Derived from Sugarcane Bagasse
J. Environ. Nanotechnol., Volume 15, No 2 (June 2026) pp. 389-400
Abstract
Recent advances in nanoparticle technology have focused on medical precision, sustainability, and industrial applications. Nanoparticles exhibit properties that help prevent infections and protect human health. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) have attracted considerable attention in medical applications and can be used as nanocoatings for medical implants. In this study, eco-friendly activated carbon derived from sugarcane bagasse biomass was used to synthesize CuO nanocomposite for antimicrobial activity. Six nanocomposite samples were synthesized by varying the activated carbon content. The synthesized samples were characterized using XRD, FTIR, and SEM, followed by assessment of antimicrobial activity against four bacterial strains. XRD results indicated an increase in particle size and peak broadening, suggesting improved crystallinity. FTIR results indicated strong interactions between CuO nanoparticles and surface functional groups, suggesting effective bonding between CuO and activated carbon. SEM images revealed a heterogeneous morphology with relatively uniform particle distribution, enhancing the surface area available for adsorption. Antimicrobial activity was confirmed by evaluation of the zone of inhibition (ZOI). Among the synthesized samples, the nanocomposite with a 1: 3: 0.3 (CuO: activated carbon from sugarcane bagasse [ACSB]: polyvinylpyrrolidone [PVP]) ratio exhibited the most favorable structural and morphological characteristics based on XRD, FTIR, and SEM analyses. A ZOI of 10 mm was observed against Pseudomonas sp. during the antimicrobial assay, whereas the remaining three bacterial strains exhibited relatively lower inhibitory responses. These results indicate that the 1: 3: 0.3 ratio demonstrated enhanced antimicrobial effectiveness, particularly against Pseudomonas sp. The synthesized CuO–activated carbon nanocomposites can be used as antimicrobial agents and have potential applications as nanocoatings for medical implants.
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