Therapeutic Potential of Spice-derived Phytochemicals in Oral Cancer Innovations in Nano-delivery for Medicine and Drug Development
J. Environ. Nanotechnol., Volume 13, No 4 (2024) pp. 208-217
Abstract
Oral cancer remains one of the leading global health challenges, with alcohol and tobacco consumption being major risk factors. Despite advancements in medical research, conventional treatments like surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy for oral cancer are often accompanied by severe side effects, including toxicity, deformity, and compromised functionality. While effective in reducing tumor size, these treatments frequently impact patients' quality of life. Recent interest has shifted towards natural bioactive compounds found in Indian spices, renowned for their therapeutic properties rooted in ancient medicinal traditions. Studies have shown that compounds from spices such as turmeric, clove, black pepper, chili, and cumin exhibit significant anticancer activity, specifically inhibiting oral cancer. These bioactive molecules effectively induce programmed cell death, inhibit cell proliferation, reduce metastasis, and suppress angiogenesis in various oral cancer cell lines, including KB, L292, HEp-2, HSC-4, Ca-9-22, and ORL-48. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic potential of spice-derived compounds, emphasizing their mechanisms of action and efficacy against diverse oral cancer cell lines, and highlighting their promise for innovative treatment strategies in environmental and therapeutic nanotechnology.
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