Innovative Approaches in Nanomaterials for Efficient Heavy Metal Removal from Wastewater: A Scientific Review
J. Environ. Nanotechnol., Volume 13, No 4 (2024) pp. 478-488
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination of water resources poses a severe threat to human health and ecosystems due to the toxic nature and bioaccumulative potential of these pollutants. While adsorption has emerged as a promising technique for heavy metal removal, recent nanotechnology advancements have led to the development of highly efficient nanoadsorbents. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest progress in utilizing nanomaterials for heavy metal adsorption from wastewater. We delve into various types of nanoadsorbents, including metal oxides (e.g., TiO2, Fe3O4), carbon-based materials (e.g., graphene, carbon nanotubes), and polymeric nanocomposites, highlighting their effectiveness in removing heavy metals such as lead, cadmium, chromium, and mercury. This review critically analyzes key factors influencing adsorption efficiency, including surface properties, pore structure, and the role of functional groups. Furthermore, we emphasize the crucial need for designing innovative reactor systems that enable the recovery and reuse of nanoadsorbents and adsorbed heavy metals, promoting sustainability and scalability for real-world applications. By integrating nanotechnology with adsorption processes, this review showcases the potential for developing highly efficient and sustainable solutions to mitigate the pressing issue of heavy metal pollution in water systems. This work aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, aiming to promote safe water, sustainable industrial practices, efficient resource utilization, and environmental preservation
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