Mechanical Characteristics of Copper Slag and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash-based Sustainable Concrete Prepared with PEG-400 as Internal Curing Agent
J. Environ. Nanotechnol., Volume 13, No 4 (2024) pp. 386-398
Abstract
In recent years, scientists have extensively investigated the use of internal curing methods in concrete to improve its ability to retain water. It has been observed that proper curing forms an important step in enhancing the strength and durability of concrete, which has been found to exert a significant influence on its overall development. A study on the structural properties of self-curing concrete is discussed in the following research article. SCBA and CS are used as supplementary materials along with the concrete mix. PEG-400 is used as the self-curing agent in the concrete mix. This research is based on the discussion of the properties of the new concrete mixture. The study looks into how the components will influence the mechanical behavior of the concrete. For testing purposes, two mixtures of the concrete were prepared. The first lot involved five mix ratios of the concrete, with the control mixture containing 0.5% to 2% PEG-400 relative to cement weight. For the second mix, copper slag (CS) replaced part of the fine aggregate and was at the age of 40%, while the cement was partially substituted with an amount of 5-20% sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) in self-curing concrete, which contains 1% PEG-400. Investigations were conducted to prove the possibility of self-curing concrete admixed with CS and SCBA. Slump cone, compressive, split tensile and flexural strengths are explored during these tests.
Full Text
Reference
Ahmad, W., Ahmad, A., Ostrowski, K. A., Aslam, F., Joyklad, P. and Zajdel, P., Sustainable approach of using sugarcane bagasse ash in cement-based composites: A systematic review, Case Stud. Constr. Mater., 15, e00698 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00698
Ali, K. R., Gupta, C. and Alam, S., Strength and durability of self-curing concrete developed using calcium lignosulfonate, J. King Saud Univ. - Eng. Sci., 34(8), 536–543 (2022).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksues.2021.02.002
Ameri, F., Shoaei, P., Reza Musaeei, H., Alireza Zareei, S. and Cheah, C. B., Partial replacement of copper slag with treated crumb rubber aggregates in alkali-activated slag mortar, Constr. Build. Mater., 256, 119468 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119468
Amin, M., Attia, M. M., Agwa, I. S., Elsakhawy, Y., El-hassan, K. A. and Abdelsalam, B. A., Effects of sugarcane bagasse ash and nano eggshell powder on high-strength concrete properties, Case Stud. Constr. Mater., 17, e01528 (2022).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01528
Amin, M., Zeyad, A. M., Tayeh, B. A. and Saad Agwa, I., Engineering properties of self-cured normal and high strength concrete produced using polyethylene glycol and porous ceramic waste as coarse aggregate, Constr. Build. Mater., 299, 124243 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.124243
Bashandy, A. A., Meleka, N. N. and Hamad, M. M., Comparative study on the using of PEG and PAM as curing agents for self-curing concrete, Chall. J. Concr. Res. Lett., 8(1), 1 (2017).
https://doi.org/10.20528/cjcrl.2017.01.001
chaitanya, C., Prasad, P., Neeraja, D. and Ravitheja, A., Effect of LECA on mechanical properties of self-curing concrete, Mater. Today Proc., 19, 484–488 (2019).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.07.640
Channa, S. H., Mangi, S. A., Bheel, N., Soomro, F. A. and Khahro, S. H., Short-term analysis on the combined use of sugarcane bagasse ash and rice husk ash as supplementary cementitious material in concrete production, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 29(3), 3555–3564 (2022).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-15877-0
Colangelo, F., Roviello, G., Ricciotti, L., Ferone, C. and Cioffi, R., Preparation and Characterization of New Geopolymer-Epoxy Resin Hybrid Mortars, Materials (Basel), 6(7), 2989–3006 (2013).
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma6072989
de A. Mello, L. C., S. dos Anjos, M. A., V. A. de Sá, M. V. and S. L. de Souza, N., de Farias, E. C., Effect of high temperatures on self-compacting concrete with high levels of sugarcane bagasse ash and metakaolin, Constr. Build. Mater., 248, 118715 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118715
Elwakkad, N. Y., Tayeh, B. A., Hekal, G. M. and Heiza, K. M., Experimental and numerical investigation of the behavior of self-curing R.C. flat slabs, Case Stud. Constr. Mater., 17, e01457 (2022).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01457
Farrant, W. E., Babafemi, A. J., Kolawole, J. T. and Panda, B., Influence of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash and Silica Fume on the Mechanical and Durability Properties of Concrete, Materials (Basel), 15(9), 3018 (2022).
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15093018
Jha, P., Sachan, A. K. and Singh, R. P., Agro-waste sugarcane bagasse ash (ScBA) as partial replacement of binder material in concrete, Mater. Today Proc., 44, 419–427 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.751
Joshaghani, A. and Moeini, M. A., Evaluating the effects of sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA) and nanosilica on the mechanical and durability properties of mortar, Constr. Build. Mater., 152, 818–831 (2017).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.041
Kamal, M. M., Safan, M. A., Bashandy, A. A. and Khalil, A. M., Experimental investigation on the behavior of normal strength and high strength self-curing self-compacting concrete, J. Build. Eng., 16, 79–93 (2018).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2017.12.012
Khawaja, S. A., Javed, U., Zafar, T., Riaz, M., Zafar, M. S. and Khan, M. K., Eco-friendly incorporation of sugarcane bagasse ash as partial replacement of sand in foam concrete, Clean. Eng. Technol., 4, 100164 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2021.100164
Lemougna, P. N., Yliniemi, J., Adesanya, E., Tanskanen, P., Kinnunen, P., Roning, J. and Illikainen, M., Reuse of copper slag in high-strength building ceramics containing spodumene tailings as fluxing agent, Miner. Eng., 155, 106448 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106448
Lokeshwari, M., Pavan Bandakli, B. R., Tarun, S. R., Sachin, P. and Kumar, V., A review on self-curing concrete, Mater. Today Proc., 43, 2259–2264 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.859
Madduru, S. R. C., Shaik, K. S., Velivela, R. and Karri, V. K., Hydrophilic and hydrophobic chemicals as self curing agents in self compacting concrete, J. Build. Eng., 28, 101008 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2019.101008
Maharishi, A., Singh, S. P. and Gupta, L. K., Shehnazdeep, Strength and durability studies on slag cement concrete made with copper slag as fine aggregates, Mater. Today Proc., 38, 2639–2648 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.232
Malathy, R. and Chung, I.-M., Prabakaran, M., Characteristics of fly ash based concrete prepared with bio admixtures as internal curing agents, Constr. Build. Mater., 262, 120596 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120596
Manjunatha, M., Reshma, T. V., Balaji, K. V. G. D., Bharath, A. and Tangadagi, R. B., The sustainable use of waste copper slag in concrete: An experimental research, Mater. Today Proc., 47, 3645–3653 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.261
Mousa, M. I., Mahdy, M. G., Abdel-Reheem, A. H. and Yehia, A. Z., Self-curing concrete types; water retention and durability, Alexandria Eng. J., 54(3), 565–575 (2015).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2015.03.027
Panda, S. and Sarkar, P., Leaching behavior of copper slag aggregate cement-mortar by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Mater. Today Proc., 33, 5123–5129 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.856
Phiri, T. C., Singh, P. and Nikoloski, A. N., The potential for copper slag waste as a resource for a circular economy: A review – Part II, Miner. Eng., 172, 107150 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2021.107150
Quedou, P. G., Wirquin, E. and Bokhoree, C., Sustainable concrete: Potency of sugarcane bagasse ash as a cementitious material in the construction industry, Case Stud. Constr. Mater., 14, e00545 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00545
Rahimi, M. Z., Zhao, R., Sadozai, S., Zhu, F., Ji, N. and Xu, L., Research on the influence of curing strategies on the compressive strength and hardening behaviour of concrete prepared with Ordinary Portland Cement, Case Stud. Constr. Mater., 18, e02045 (2023).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02045
Rajasekar, A., Arunachalam, K. and Kottaisamy, M., Assessment of strength and durability characteristics of copper slag incorporated ultra high strength concrete, J. Clean. Prod., 208, 402–414 (2019).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.10.118
Rajasekar, A., Arunachalam, K., Kottaisamy, M. and Saraswathy, V., Durability characteristics of Ultra High Strength Concrete with treated sugarcane bagasse ash, Constr. Build. Mater., 171, 350–356 (2018).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.03.140
Ramakrishnan, K., Ganesh, V., Vignesh, G., Vignesh, M., Shriram, V. and Suryaprakash, R., Mechanical and durability properties of concrete with partial replacement of fine aggregate by sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA), Mater. Today Proc., 42, 1070–1076 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.172
Rekha, S. and Jagadheeswari, Arunprasath, Sumathy, Durability properties of copper slag and fly ash based concrete for a sustainable environment, Mater. Today Proc., 37, 2535–2541 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.490
Rizzuto, J. P., Kamal, M., Elsayad, H., Bashandy, A., Etman, Z., Aboel Roos, M. N. and Shaaban, I. G., Effect of self-curing admixture on concrete properties in hot climate conditions, Constr. Build. Mater., 261, 119933 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.119933
Sambangi, A., E., A., Fresh and mechanical properties of SCC with fly ash and copper slag as mineral admixtures, Mater. Today Proc., 45, 6687–6693 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.144
Sandra, N., Kawaai, K. and Ujike, I., Effect of copper slag fine aggregate on corrosion processes and behavior in reinforced concrete prism specimen, Constr. Build. Mater., 271, 121909 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121909
Sharma, R. and Khan, R. A., Sulfate resistance of self compacting concrete incorporating copper slag as fine aggregates with mineral admixtures, Constr. Build. Mater., 287, 122985 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.122985
Shi, J., Tan, J., Liu, B., Chen, J., Dai, J. and He, Z., Experimental study on full-volume slag alkali-activated mortars: Air-cooled blast furnace slag versus machine-made sand as fine aggregates, J. Hazard. Mater., 403, 123983 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123983
Shravan, K. A., Gopi, R. and Murali, K., Comparative studies on conventional concrete and self-curing concrete, Mater. Today Proc., 46, 8790–8794 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.04.149
Siddique, R., Singh, M. and Jain, M., Recycling copper slag in steel fibre concrete for sustainable construction, J. Clean. Prod., 271, 122559 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122559
Singh, K., Mechanical properties of self curing concrete studied using polyethylene glycol-400: A-review, Mater. Today Proc., 37, 2864–2871 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.08.662
Sivasakthi, M., Jeyalakshmi, R. and Rajamane, N. P., Fly ash geopolymer mortar: Impact of the substitution of river sand by copper slag as a fine aggregate on its thermal resistance properties, J. Clean. Prod., 279, 123766 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123766
Sridharan, M. and Madhavi, T. C., Investigating the influence of copper slag on the mechanical behaviour of concrete, Mater. Today Proc., 46, 3225–3232 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.195
Usha Kranti, J., Naga Sai, A., Rama Krishna, A. and Srinivasu, K., An experimental investigation on effect of durability on strength properties of M40 grade concrete with partial replacement of sand with copper slag, Mater. Today Proc., 43, 1626–1633 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.09.767
Wang, R., Shi, Q., Li, Y., Cao, Z. and Si, Z., A critical review on the use of copper slag (CS) as a substitute constituent in concrete, Constr. Build. Mater., 292, 123371 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123371
Wu, W., Zhang, W. and Ma, G., Mechanical properties of copper slag reinforced concrete under dynamic compression, Constr. Build. Mater., 24(6), 910–917 (2010).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.12.001
Younis, M. O., Amin, M. and Tahwia, A. M., Durability and mechanical characteristics of sustainable self-curing concrete utilizing crushed ceramic and brick wastes, Case Stud. Constr. Mater., 17, e01251 (2022).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01251
Zareei, S. A. and Ameri, F., Bahrami, N., Microstructure, strength and durability of eco-friendly concretes containing sugarcane bagasse ash, Constr. Build. Mater., 184, 258–268 (2018).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.06.153
Zeyad, A. M., Shubaili, M. and Abutaleb, A., Using volcanic pumice dust to produce high-strength self-curing concrete in hot weather regions, Case Stud. Constr. Mater., 18, e01927 (2023).
