Experimental investigation of Camellia Sinensis Dust Filler on the Vachellia Nilotica Blended Hybrid Epoxy Composites: A Comprehensive Analysis of Mechanical, Viscoelastic, and Dielectric Behavior
J. Environ. Nanotechnol., Volume 13, No 3 (2024) pp. 99-107
Abstract
This research work presents the influence of Camellia sinensis dust powder on the mechanical, dynamic, and dielectric properties of the hybrid epoxy composites containing Vachellia Nilotica (VN). The hand layup method was used to make the composite specimens at different volume fractions of the Camellia sinensis dust used as a particle filler (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 v/v%). The Vachellia Nilotica content was kept at 15 v/v%. The hybrid composites' mechanical, viscoelastic, and dielectric strengths were investigated experimentally. The results indicate that the composite with 9 v/v% Camellia sinensis dust has superior mechanical and dielectric properties when compared to other volume percentages. The epoxy composite with the highest glass transition temperature and storage modulus also contained 9 v/v% filler. The inclusion of Camellia sinensis dust in the Vachellia Nilotica incorporated hybrid exposed had improved the thermal stability of the composite, as revealed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, the dielectric test demonstrated that the addition of the Camellia sinensis dust filler strengthened the dielectric strength of the composite. The structural morphology of the composite's tensile fracture was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipment to investigate the interaction between the epoxy matrix and the fillers in the hybrid composites.
Full Text
Reference
Anandha Moorthy, A., Girimurugan, R., Prakash, E., Madheswaran, S., Naveen Sankar, A. and Sriman, P., Investigations on flexural performance of epoxy matrix composites strengthened with chemically modified and unmodified banana fiber/Used Camellia Sinensis (UCS) particles, Mater. Today Proc., 45, 8115–8119 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.01.686
Borah, N. and Karak, N., Green composites of bio-based epoxy and waste tea fiber as environmentally friendly structural materials, J. Macromol. Sci. Part A, 60(3), 217–229 (2023).
https://doi.org/10.1080/10601325.2023.2177171
Debnath, B., Haldar, D. and Purkait, M. K., Potential and sustainable utilization of tea waste: A review on present status and future trends, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 9(5), 106179 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2021.106179
Dutta, G. K. and Karak, N., Waste brewed tea leaf derived cellulose nanofiber reinforced fully bio-based waterborne polyester nanocomposite as an environmentally benign material, RSC Adv., 9(36), 20829–20840 (2019).
https://doi.org/10.1039/C9RA02973G
Girimurugan, R., Saravanan, K. G., Manickavasagam, P., Gurunathan, G. and Vairavel, M., Experimental Studies on Water Absorption Behaviour of Treated and Untreated Hybrid Bio-Composites, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., 1059(1), 012017 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/1059/1/012017
Gokulkumar, S., Thyla, P., Prabhu, L. and Sathish, S., Characterization and Comparative Analysis on Mechanical and Acoustical Properties of Camellia Sinensis/Ananas Comosus/ Glass Fiber Hybrid Polymer Composites, J. Nat. Fibers, 18(7), 978–994 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2019.1675215
Juszkiewicz, A. and Maciejewska, M., Tea Grounds as a Waste Biofiller for Natural Rubber, Materials (Basel)., 17(7), 1516 (2024).
https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17071516
KARTAL, İ. and TUNÇ, M., Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Oak Sawdust Filled Polyester Composites, Int J Comput Exp Sci Eng.
https://doi.org/10.22399/ijcesen.245
Khan, F. M., Shah, A. H., Wang, S., Mehmood, S., Wang, J., Liu, W. and Xu, X., A Comprehensive Review on Epoxy Biocomposites Based on Natural Fibers and Bio-fillers: Challenges, Recent Developments and Applications, Adv. Fiber Mater., 4(4), 683–704 (2022).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s42765-022-00143-w
Khodadad Hatkeposhti, J., Kordani, N., Akbarzadeh Pasha, M. and Bodaghi, M., Brewing sustainability and strength: Biocomposite development through tea waste incorporation in polylactic acid, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part L J. Mater. Des. Appl., 238(7), 1289–1299 (2024).
https://doi.org/10.1177/14644207231221244
Kushwanth Theja, K., Bharathiraja, G., Sakthi Murugan, V. and Muniappan, A., Evaluation of mechanical properties of tea dust filler reinforced polymer composite, Mater. Today Proc., 80, 3208–3211 (2023).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.07.213
Palanikumar, V., Narayanan, V. and Vajjiram, S., Experimental investigation of mechanical and viscoelastic properties of Acacia Nilotica filler blended polymer composite, Polym. Compos., 39(7), 2535–2546 (2018).
https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.24238
Prabhu, L., Krishnaraj, V., Gokulkumar, S., Sathish, S., Sanjay, M. and Siengchin, S., Mechanical, chemical and sound absorption properties of glass/kenaf/waste tea leaf fiber-reinforced hybrid epoxy composites, J. Ind. Text., 51(10), 1674–1700 (2022).
https://doi.org/10.1177/1528083720957392
Risnasari, I., Nuryawan, A. and Siallagan, N. F., Characterization of Particleboard from Waste Tea Leaves (Camellia Sinensis L) and Meranti Wood (Shorea Sp) using Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesive and It’s Formaldehyde Emission, In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Natural Resources and Technology, SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, pp 261–264 (2019)
https://doi.org/10.5220/0008552702610264.
Vijay, R., Vinod, A., Kathiravan, R., Siengchin, S. and Singaravelu, D. L., Evaluation of Azadirachta indica seed/spent Camellia sinensis bio-filler based jute fabrics–epoxy composites: Experimental and numerical studies, J. Ind. Text., 49(9), 1252–1277 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1177/1528083718811086
Vinod Kumar, T., Chandrasekaran, M., Santhanam, V. and Sudharsan, V. D., Effect of Coupling Agent on Mechanical Properties of Palm Petiole Nanofiber Reinforced Composite, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., 183, 012006 (2017).
https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/183/1/012006
Yesuraj, K., Pazhanivel, K., Srinivasan, S. P., Santhanam, V. and Muruganantham, S., Static investigation of almond shell particulate reinforced aquilaria agallocha roxb blended epoxy hybrid matrix composite, Dig. J. Nanomater. Biostructures, 16(2), 359–365 (2021).
