Characterization and Ambient Temperature Hydrogen Sulfide Sensing of Annealed NiO-MnO₂ Thin Films Prepared via Jet Nebulizer Spray Pyrolysis
J. Environ. Nanotechnol., Volume 13, No 3 (2024) pp. 133-139
Abstract
A jet nebulizer spray pyrolysis technique to synthesize NiO-MnO2 thin films was demonstrated. These nanosheets were annealed at 350, 450 and 550 °C for 2 hours. The thin films surface morphology and structure were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, XRD, and UV spectroscopy. Subsequently, utilized as gas sensors for the detection of hydrogen sulphide gas. The introduction of NiO into MnO2 nanosheets significantly improved the gas-sensing performance. Notably, the gas-sensing response of the NiO-MnO2 nanosheet sensor surpassed that of both NiO and MnO2 alone, reaching a notable value of 165 when detecting 100 ppm hydrogen sulfide gas with the NiO-MnO2 thin film sensor. A remarkable feature of the NiO-MnO2 thin film sensor is its accelerated response time, registering at 10 seconds when exposed to 100 ppm of hydrogen sulfide gas. The mechanism underlying gas sensing and the factors contributing to the enhanced gas response of NiO-MnO2 thin film is thoroughly discussed. From a broader perspective, these developed sensors present a novel platform for the identification and monitoring of hydrogen sulfide gas, showcasing significant advancements in gas-sensing technology.
Full Text
Reference
Balamurugan, S., Rajalakshmi, A. and Balamurugan, D., Acetaldehyde Sensing Property of Spray Deposited β-MnO2 Thin Films, J. Alloys Compd., 650, 863-870 (2015).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.08.063
Betty, C. A., Choudhury, S. and Shah, A., Nanostructured Metal Oxide Semiconductors and Composites for Reliable Trace Gas Sensing at Room Temperature, Surfaces and Interfaces, 36, 102560 (2023).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2022.102560
Chaudhari, G. N., Bambole, D. R., Bodade, A. B. and Padole, P. R., Characterization of Nanosized TiO2 Based H2S Gas Sensor, J Mater Sci, 41 (15), 4860–4864 (2006).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0042-7
Della Gaspera, E., Bello, V., Mattei, G. and Martucci, A., SiO2 Mesoporous Thin Films Containing Ag and NiO Nanoparticles Synthesized Combining Sol–Gel and Impregnation Techniques, Mater. Chem. Phys., 131 (1–2), 313–319 (2011).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2011.09.047
Din, S. U., Haq, M. U., Sajid, M., Khatoon, R., Chen, X., Li, L., Zhang, M. and Zhu, L., Development of High-Performance Sensor Based on NiO/SnO2 Heterostructures to Study Sensing Properties towards Various Reducing Gases, Nanotechnol. 31 (39), 395502 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ab98bb
Guan, Y., Yin, C., Cheng, X., Liang, X., Diao, Q., Zhang, H. and Lu, G. Sub-Ppm H2S Sensor Based on YSZ and Hollow Balls NiMn2O4 Sensing Electrode. Sens. Actuators B: Chem. 193, 501–508. (2014).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.11.072
Guisbiers, G., Mejía-Rosales, S. and Leonard Deepak, F., Nanomaterial Properties: Size and Shape Dependencies, J. Nanomater., 2012, 1–2 (2012).
https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/180976
He, L. and Ling, Z., Studies of Temperature Dependent Ac Impedance of a Negative Temperature Coefficient Mn-Co-Ni-O Thin Film Thermistor, Appl. Phys. Lett., 98 (24), 242112 (2011).
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3596454
Hu, J., Yang, J., Wang, W., Xue, Y., Sun, Y., Li, P., Lian, K., Zhang, W., Chen, L., Shi, J. and Chen, Y., Synthesis and Gas Sensing Properties of NiO/SnO2 Hierarchical Structures toward Ppb-Level Acetone Detection, Mater. Res. Bull., 102, 294–303 (2018).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2018.02.006
Huang, Z., Zhou, W., Ouyang, C., Wu, J., Zhang, F., Huang, J., Gao, Y. and Chu, J., High Performance of Mn-Co-Ni-O Spinel Nanofilms Sputtered from Acetate Precursors, Sci. Rep., 5 (1), 10899 (2015).
https://doi.org/10.1038/srep10899
Jagadeesan, V. and Subramaniam, V., Development of an Automated Nebulizer Spray Pyrolysis System and Its Application in the P-N Junction Diode Fabrication, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 1921 (1), 012009 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1921/1/012009
Kumar, R., Kumar, R., Kushwaha, N. and Mittal, J., Ammonia Gas Sensing Using Thin Film of MnO 2 Nanofibers, IEEE Sensors J., 16 (12), 4691–4695 (2016).
https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2016.2550079
Paine, D. C., Whitson, T., Janiac, D., Beresford, R., Yang, C. O. and Lewis, B., A Study of Low Temperature Crystallization of Amorphous Thin Film Indium–Tin–Oxide, J. Appl. Phys., 85 (12), 8445–8450 (1999).
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.370695
Park, S., Park, S., Jung, J., Hong, T., Lee, S., Kim, H. W. and Lee, C., H2S Gas Sensing Properties of CuO-Functionalized WO3 Nanowires, Ceram. Int., 40 (7), 11051–11056 (2014).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.03.120
Patterson, A. L., The Scherrer Formula for X-Ray Particle Size Determination, Phys. Rev., 56 (10), 978–982 (1939).
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.56.978
Sethupathi, N., Thirunavukkarasu, P., Vidhya, V. S., Thangamuthu, R., Kiruthika, G. V. M., Perumal, K., Bajaj, H. C. and Jayachandran, M., Deposition and Optoelectronic Properties of ITO (In2O3:Sn) Thin Films by Jet Nebulizer Spray (JNS) Pyrolysis Technique, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron., 23 (5), 1087–1093 (2012).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-011-0553-0
Shewale, P. S., Patil, V. B., Shin, S. W., Kim, J. H. and Uplane, M. D., H2S Gas Sensing Properties of Nanocrystalline Cu-Doped ZnO Thin Films Prepared by Advanced Spray Pyrolysis, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 186, 226–234 (2013).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.05.073
Walker, J. M., Akbar, S. A. and Morris, P. A., Synergistic Effects in Gas Sensing Semiconducting Oxide Nano-Heterostructures: A Review, Sens. Actuators B Chem., 286, 624–640 (2019).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.01.049
Zao, Y., Li-Miao L., Qing W., Quan-Hui L. and Tai-Hong W., High-performance ethanol sensing based on an aligned assembly of ZnO nanorods, Sens Actuators B Chem., 135 (1), 57-60 (2008).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2008.07.016
Zhou, D., Gan, L., Gong, S., Fu, Q. and Liu, H., P-Type Metal Oxide Doped SnO2 Thin Films for H2S Detection, Sen. Lett., 9 (2), 651–654 (2011).
