Comprehensive Insights of Chemically Treated Jute/Kenaf/Glass Fiber with TiO2 Nanoparticle using RSM Optimization
J. Environ. Nanotechnol., Volume 13, No 2 (2024) pp. 21-30
Abstract
In this research, we examined the impacts of silane treatment on jute/kenaf fiber mats. Our main objective was to enhance the bending strength using response surface methodology. Different concentrations of silane (5%, 10%, and 15%) and varying soaking durations (10, 20, 30 min) were examined. Based on the findings, it was discovered that the optimal bending strength was attained by using a 5% silane concentration and soaking for 20 min with 5% TiO2 nanoparticle. Utilizing Design-Expert software, the study optimized these parameters and examined their impact on flexural characteristics. The model demonstrated impressive correlation coefficients (R2 and Adjusted R2) for flexural strength and hardness, suggesting its reliability in predicting properties. Additional experiments were conducted to confirm the accuracy of the model’s predictions, and the results showed a minimal discrepancy between the predicted and actual values. This provides strong evidence for the model’s reliability in making accurate predictions.
Full Text
Reference
Behera, S. Gautam, R. K. and Mohan, S., Study of Mechanical Properties of Chemically Treated Kenaf Fiber and Its Composites, Springer Proceedings in Materials, 115–123 (2022).
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3297-6_11
Birniwa, H., Abdullahi, A. S., Yakasai, S. Y. M. and Ismaila, A., Studies on physico-mechanical behaviour of kenaf/glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites, Bull. Chem. Soc. Eth., 35(1), 171–184 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i1.15
Chandekar, H. Chaudhari, V. Waigaonkar, S. and Mascarenhas, A., Effect of chemical treatment on mechanical properties and water diffusion characteristics of jute‐polypropylene composites, Polymer Composites, 41(4), 1447–1461 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.25468
Hossen, Md. M., Feng, J. Yuxiang, Y. and Jiang, W., Preparation and evaluation mechanical, chemical and thermal properties of hybrid jute and coir fibers reinforced bio-composites using poly-lactic acid and poly-caprolactone blends, Mater. Res. Express, 7(2), 025103 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab748a
Islam, M. H., Afroj, S. and Karim, N., Toward Sustainable Composites: Graphene‐Modified Jute Fiber Composites with Bio‐Based Epoxy Resin, Global Challenges, 7(9), 2300111 (2023).
https://doi.org/10.1002/gch2.202300111
Ismail, N. F. Mohd, R. N. A. Sulong, A. B. Muhamad, N. and Che, H. C. H., The Effect of Alkali Treatment on Physical, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Kenaf Fiber and Polymer Epoxy Composites, Polym., 13(12), 2005 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13122005
Jena, S. Khatri, V. N., Nainegali, L. and Dutta, R. K., Effect of chemical treatment on physical, mechanical, and morphological characteristics of sisal geotextile, The Journal of The Textile Institute, J. Text. Inst.,
https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2023.2263832
Khalid, MY. Al Rashid, A. Arif, ZU. Ahmed, W. Arshad, H. and Zaidi, AA., Natural fiber reinforced composites: Sustainable materials for emerging applications, Results Eng., 11 100263 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2021.100263
Malladi, A. Kaliappan, S. Natrayan, L. and Mahesh, V., Effectiveness of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Jute Fibers under Different Chemical Treatment for Automotive Interior Trim, , Warrendale, Pennsylvania, United States, 2024-01–5008 (2024).
https://doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-5008
Nag, M. K. and Kumar, P., Fabrication and characterization of woven and comingled nonwoven sheet polypropylene hybrid composite by recycling and alkali-treated jute waste fibers, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:, Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 237(16), 3630–3649 (2023).
https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062221149388
Nurazzi, N. M., Shazleen, S. S., Aisyah, H. A., Asyraf, M. R. M., Sabaruddin, F. A., Mohidem, N. A., Norrrahim, MNF. Kamarudin, SH. Ilyas, RA. Ishak, MR. Abdullah, N. and Nor, NM., Effect of silane treatments on mechanical performance of kenaf fibre reinforced polymer composites: a review, Funct. Compos. Struct., 3(4), 045003 (2021).
https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ac351b
Roy, K. Debnath, S. C., Tzounis, L., Pongwisuthiruchte, A. and Potiyaraj, P., Effect of Various Surface Treatments on the Performance of Jute Fibers Filled Natural Rubber (NR) Composites, Polym., 12(2), 369 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12020369
Sabri, M. N. I. M., Bakar, M. B. A., Masri, M. N., Mohamed, M., Noriman, N. Z., Dahham, O. S. and Umar, M. U., Effect of chemical treatment on mechanical and physical properties of non-woven kenaf fiber mat reinforced polypropylene biocomposites, Baghdad, Iraq, 020262 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0000411
Sajin, J. B., Christu, P. R. Binoj, J. S. Brailson, M. B. Gerald, A. S. M. Goh, K. L. Rimal Isaac, R. S. and Senthil, S. M. S., Impact of fiber length on mechanical, morphological and thermal analysis of chemical treated jute fiber polymer composites for sustainable applications, Curr. Res. Green Sustainable Chem., 5, 100241 (2022).
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crgsc.2021.100241
Sarker, F., Uddin, M. Z., Sowrov, K. Islam, M. S. and Miah, A., Improvement of mechanical and interfacial properties of hot water and sodium bicarbonate treated jute fibers for manufacturing high performance natural composites, Polym. Compos., 43(3), 1330–1342 (2022).
https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.26451
Shahinur, S. Hasan, M. Ahsan, Q. and Haider, J., Effect of Chemical Treatment on Thermal Properties of Jute Fiber Used in Polymer Composites, J. Compos. Sci., 4(3), 132 (2020).
https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs4030132
Sridhar, J. Gobinath, R. and Kırgız, MS., Comparative study for efficacy of chemically treated jute fiber and bamboo fiber on the properties of reinforced concrete beams, J. Nat. Fibers, 19(15), 12224–12234 (2022).
https://doi.org/10.1080/15440478.2022.2054894
Tusnim, J. Jenifar, N. S. and Hasan, M., Effect of chemical treatment of jute fiber on thermo-mechanical properties of jute and sheep wool fiber reinforced hybrid polypropylene composites, J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater., 35(11), 1981–1993 (2022).
https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705720944220
Vijay, R. Manoharan, S. Arjun, S. Vinod, A. and Singaravelu, D. L., Characterization of Silane-Treated and Untreated Natural Fibers from Stem of Leucas Aspera, J. Nat. Fibers, 18(12), 1957–1973 (2021).
